Women in Science Careers Essay -- Gender Roles, Discrimination

According to a six-year study reviewed by the University of Washington Human Rights Committee, conducted by Suzanne Brainard and Linda Carlin on undergraduate women in science, â€Å"20% of freshmen reported no barriers; only 3% of seniors could say the same.†(Bickenstaff 380) This study illustrates a common theme for women studying a science. There is no one defining reason for why women feel there are barriers but several theories suggest that there could be more than one contributing factor that causes these ‘barriers’ for women. Looking at multiple possibilities, it can be determined what causes the under representation of women in science careers such as physics, biology, technology, engineering, and math. There are many examples of areas in science which women choose not pursue for one reason or another; Sue V. Rosser, from the Georgia Institute of Technology studies women in work and academy, and found that â€Å"women [earn] 55.5 percent of the Master of Science degrees in all fields, they [earn] only 39.3 percent of the degrees in science and engineering fields† (53). Women may be pursuing some forms of science, but not to the extent of equality in certain areas. The American Association of University Women reinforces that â€Å"women earned only 21 percent of doctoral degrees in computer science in 2006† as quoted from the National Science Foundation (1). Sue Rosser observes that â€Å"Women [earn] 40.6 percent of the Ph.D.s in all fields but only 32.8 percent of the Ph.D.s in science and engineering† (53). Whatever the cause, it is apparent that women fall behind in degrees in many types of science fields. Arguable explanations for this vary from lack of inte lligence of women, to fear of sexual harassment. A popular stereotype is t... ...uccess in science and engineering, research shows that spatial skills can be improved fairly easily with training (22). In response to discrimination, Hill cites that â€Å"Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. [†¦] During the last 37 years, however, Title IX has been applied mostly to sports† (13). The policies of Title IX should apply to all women in the workforce to assure that sexual harassment never occurs. Women should no longer be looked down upon when it comes to intelligence in math and sciences. And classes for spatial skills improvement should be provided to any women with a desire to work in a field requiring that type of skill. With these types of changes, women will not be as under represented in any of the STEM fields as they currently are.

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Essay

Though Blanche, from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, thinks that opposites attract and thus that she will marry Rochester, Bronte has different ideas about foils. Near the end of the novel Jane marries Rochester effectively quieting Blanche’s ideas. However, Bronte does use foils in the novel for a different reason. She uses characters will opposite personalities to reveal more about them, and to keep the reader from overlooking many of the major characters’ traits. For instance, without Blanche, who is a foil of Jane, one may have thought Jane a simple and plain governess and nothing more. Similarly, without St. John the reader could have missed Rochester’s passionate side, or with no Mrs. Reed how supportive Miss Temple really is. Using foils, Bronte reveals more about the personalities of the major characters, and keeps the reader from overlooking many traits. One can see that Jane and Blanche are opposites from before they even meet. While Jane is rather plain and unattractive on the outside, Blanche is described as beautiful with, â€Å"the noble bust, the sloping shoulders, the graceful neck, the dark eyes and black ringlets† (183) Even Jane cannot deny that Blanche is beautiful. In addition, Blanche grows up in a rich noble family while Jane is an orphan who was sent to a lowly boarding school. The opposites do not stop at their looks and backgrounds, for even Jane and Blanche’s personalities are completely different. Jane is an independent, passionate, and respectful young woman, although she often seems very practical and rational. Blanche flaunts herself, gossips, talks about marriage, and can be very rude as shown when she says â€Å"she (Jane) looks too stupid for any game of the sort† (194). While Jane was in the room, Blanche speaks loudly and rudely of her without a second thought. In addition, Blanche only wants Rochester as her husband for his money, and for the title of a wife. She likes the fact that he is not handsome because as a result, she will receive all of the attention. Jane loves Rochester for his personality, and thinks to herself, â€Å"gratitude and many associations, all pleasurable and genial, made his face the object I best liked to see; his presence in a room was more cheering than the brightest fire† (155). Jane does not mind his physical features because she finds him interesting, caring, and the fact that he makes her happy. As foils, Blanche elicits Jane’s noble characteristics, while at the same time making Jane seem more interesting. Instead of seeing a simple governess, the reader realizes Jane’s passion and interesting qualities. Blanche’s outer beauty also helps the reader see the beauty within Jane though her physique is plain. In the novel, St. John brings out many characteristics in Rochester. They seem to be the two sides of Jane, her practical and rational side versus her passionate and emotional side. St. John seems to be powerful and dangerous. Jane feels he wants to marry her because it would be practical, and as he says goodbye to her she notes that â€Å"his look was not, indeed, that of a lover beholding his mistress, but it was that of a pastor recalling his wandering sheep: (454-455). St. John does not love Jane, and he does not try to act so. Unlike Rochester he lacks passion. In contrast to St. John, Rochester really loves Jane and expresses himself when she talks of leaving, â€Å"my deep love, my wild woe, my frantic prayer, all are nothing to you? †¦You leave me here in anguish† (344). The severe intensity of Rochester’s words shows just how much he really loves Jane. In addition, St. John is very self-denying. He takes and feels what he thinks the Lord would want to him to take or feel. He does not want to give love to anyone except his God. Rochester is much different as he succumbs to temptation and love. He has many other personality traits as well, although some are not originally apparent. After Jane saves Rochester from the fire in his room Rochester says, â€Å"If you are not warm enough, you may take my cloak† (159). Rochester can also by very caring and thoughtful, although these traits are much less obvious. They are made clearer through contrast to St. John who lacks empathy and is very harsh and cold. These foils also help the reader understand more about Jane. After being courted by both of them, she chooses Rochester. This symbolizes her choice of emotion and passion over principles and rationality. A less obvious pair of characters who are foils as well is Miss Temple and Mrs. Reed. Not only are they opposites of each other, but they also bring out different sides of Jane herself. When around the uncaring and rude Mrs. Reed, Jane feels angry and suppressed. She finally lets out her anger in a memorable scene after she learns she is going to school, â€Å"If anyone asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick, and that you treated me with miserable cruelty† (34). Because Mrs. Reed, is mean herself, she brings out the bad side of Jane. Miss Temple brings out a much different personality in Jane. Around Miss Temple, Jane is calm and more caring as a result of Miss Temple’s influence. Mrs.  Reed was a hateful and unforgiving person as shown when talking to Jane on her dying bed, â€Å"she (Jane) did not die: but I said she did—I wish she had died! † (249). Even as she dies, Mrs. Reed hates Jane, although Jane did not do anything wrong. Miss Temple believes in forgiveness, and she even helps Jane clear her tarnished reputation. Miss Temple teaches Jane about life as well as schoolwork and is very generous. Mrs. Reed, a horrible mother figure for Jane, helps the reader realize that Miss Temple is more of a inspiration and maternal figure than at first apparent. After Miss Temple marries and Jane becomes unhappy, Jane has a realization as a result of Miss Temple’s motherly influence, â€Å"I remembered that the real world was wide, and that a varied field of hopes and fears†¦ awaited those to who had the courage to go forth† (87). Instead of just being a schoolteacher, Miss Temple helps Jane through her life unlike Mrs. Reed who was supposed to treat Jane as her own child. In Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, the author uses many foils to highlight certain traits in the major characters. She also uses the opposites to help one see personality traits that are not as obvious to the reader. Without these foils, many characters would have seemed different and less interesting. Without Mrs. Reed, Miss Temple would have just seemed like a nice schoolteacher. If St. John had been missing, Rochester would not have seemed very nice or caring at all. Finally, without Blanche, Jane would have seemed much less interesting, and her noble characteristics would have been diminished. The opposites are used to reveal more about the major characters, and to keep the reader from overlooking important personality traits.

Mood Swings and Bipolar Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 614 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by extreme mood disturbances. These include changes in energy level, activity, sleep, behaviors, and judgement. Bipolar disorder is one of the psychiatric disorders with a complex and multifactorial heritage. According to Bipolar disorder: Implications for nursing practice (2017), the age for bipolar diagnosis begins at 18 and it can be diagnosed at any time in a persons life. Studies reveal that the prevalence of bipolar disorder is 0.5% to 1.5% amongst the general population, that the disease is generally diagnosed between 18 and 30 years of age, and that its prevalence in men and women is similar (Bipolar disorder: Implications for nursing practice, 2017). Individuals who experienced bipolar spectrum disorder symptoms for lifetime was about 2.4% of the general population, with a prevalence of 0.6% of Bipolar disorder Type I and 0.4% of Bipolar type II (Rowland Marwaha, 2018). The prevalence of Bipolar Type I in US is 1%, which is slightly higher than other countries. Some data suggest that females are at greater risk for depression and rapid mood shifts, while males have a greater risk for mania (Bipolar Disorder, 2016). There are multiple risk factors that contribute to the developm ent of bipolar disorder (BD). The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) describes bipolar disorder in adults as possibly due to genetics, or brain variations in structure or function. According to Amini, Najafi-Vosough, Ghaleiha, and Mahjub (2017), almost 60% and 75% of patients experience relapse within 2 and 5 years. According to World Health Organization reports, bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of life-long disability worldwide. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mood Swings and Bipolar Disorder" essay for you Create order Amini et al. (2017) state that BD is a serious and chronic disorder, which is ongoing with recoveries and relapses and causes significant morbidity and mortality. There are no definitive blood tests or brain scans to diagnose this condition. However, brains of people with bipolar disorder show different patterns than the brains of healthy people or people with other mental disorders. Diagnosis is done by a psychiatrist through diagnostic tests, family history assessment, and history of symptoms. Because of the overlapping symptoms with certain conditions like major depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), and anxiety, BD is commonly misdiagnosed. Bipolar disorder exists along with other illnesses, such as anxiety disorder, substance abuse, or eating disorders. Patients tend to seek treatment when depressed. An accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder is essential to develop an effective plan of treatment. It is necessary to run a complete physical exam to eliminate other diseases causing mood fluctuations. Also necessary to study is a complete medical history, as well as family and social history that might be influencing changes in mood. Providers should screen for depression to differentiate between unipolar and bipolar. People with BD are at risk for thyroid disease, migraine headaches, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and other physical illnesses. Nonadherence to medication therapy results in relapses. Manic episodes can be described as over exhibition of joy, more energy than usual, belief in ability to do many things simultaneously, irritability, racing thoughts, risky behaviors, unusual sexual activity, and overspending of money. Depressive episodes consist of feelings of sadness and hopelessness, loss of interest in activities, trouble concentrating, forgetfulness, over- or under-eating, trouble sleeping, and suicidal thoughts. Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by manic episodes that last at least 7 days or severe manic symptoms that require hospitalization, as well as depressive episodes lasting at least 2 weeks. Bipolar II Disorder is defined by a mixture of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the true manic episodes. Cyclothymic Disorder incorporates numerous periods of hypomania and depression lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children and adolescents). Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar an d Related Disorder is defined by bipolar disorder symptoms that do not match the three categories listed above (National Institute of Mental Health, 2018).

Income Inequality as a Positive Force - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 778 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Finance Essay Level High school Tags: Income Inequality Essay Did you like this example? Income inequality is the unequal distribution of earnings among people in the society. It is no secret that the United states has a growing rate of unequal distribution of earning among individuals, it has been on an increase since the 1970s. Today, it is often viewed that the gap between the 1% and the 99% is too big, the rich keep getting richer: Two years ago, Oxfam International found that the average household in the top 1 percent of earners makes more than nine times as much income as the 90 percent of households (Davos, 2015). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Income Inequality as a Positive Force" essay for you Create order Households in the top 0.01 percent make, on average, roughly 198 times more than the bottom 90 percent household. Notwithstanding, income inequality is a vital characteristic for a social order where individuals act entirely out of their own will. In an article by Aparna Mathur, which was published by the American Enterprise Institute, growing inequality gap is associated with growing opportunity. Income inequality is essential to Americas economy because provides a positive force which reinforces different sectors in the economy. Income inequality should be accepted in the society because it is a benefit to the countrys economy, there cannot be an improved standard of living for people in the society without inequality being present. Income inequality provides positive force by increasing motivation for risk-taking among individuals. Dr Keith Payne, the President and co-founder of the National Institute for Public Policy, analyzed the relationship between income inequality and risk-taking. He stated through a research that income inequality boosts individuals to capitalize in rewarding, risky investments. Dr Payne carried out this experiment in collaboration with a former student of The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill(UNC), Dr. Jazmin Brown-Iannuzzi and current UNC doctoral student Jason Hannay. He proved this point using two kinds of experiments; in one of the experiments, online volunteers were asked to play a gambling game. The average results of prior players were shown to the volunteers; half of the volunteers were told that the best players who played before them earned higher than other players, while the other half of the volunteers were told that the difference of the prior players winning wa s small. Then each of the volunteers was asked about the amount they believed they needed to win in order to have the satisfaction of doing well and then they were asked to play the game by placing bids to win the money in the real world. The bidding was made in such a way that greater risks equals greater payoffs. At the end of this first experiments, the volunteers who were told of the winning difference of the prior players placed risky bids and displayed a higher necessity to win the money than the other volunteers. They went further to apply this to real-world condition where they studied google search string data between people who live in states in America where the income gap is high and those who live in states where the income gap is low. Payne and the other two researchers found that those who lived in states where income gap is highest inclined to invest in more rewarding opportunities than those in states where income gap is low. Therefore, when inequality is present, individuals are motivated to choose high, rewarding incentives to increase their standard of living. Income inequality motivates people to strive harder in achieving more earning. Higher income or holding more wealth denotes the signal that it is achievable for anyone too; h igh salaries motivate not only the capitalist class, but also the people who aspire to be and move up the economic ladder in future. Thus, what inspires college students the most to work hard and get involved with great opportunities is the high pay associated with their aspired work field. In October 11, 2016, Edward Conard stated that, entrepreneurs become more likely to take risks the higher the potential payoff isIt also makes investors and people who have institutional knowledge more likely to invest in new ideas. He continued that wealth is the payoffs for risk-taking that motivate risk-taking and create these institutional capabilities. In this context, Conard entails that entrepreneurs purposely take the risks which improve economic capabilities in return and makes the most talented workers more product ive and dynamic. When fruitful and new ideas are created by capitalists, it brings about more jobs for workers, also providing more products and services that benefit consumers as well. If we do not have inequality in the society, people who dont work as hard will make as much money as people who do work hard; and this does not help the economy of the society to move forward. Therefore, income inequality is a necessary and beneficial factor.

The Effects Of Energy Sources On The Environment Essay

Introduction Energy is a big part of our lives. We are heating our homes with natural gas or electricity and driving to and from work and any other outdoors activities. â€Å"Our main source of the energy people use is fossil fuels and in the future, the availability of those sources has an end date† (Garcà ­a-Olivares, A. 2015). As studies show there are renewable resources of fuel and other equipment used for energy like wind, nuclear power plants and solar hydroelectric. There are many pros and cons to all forms of energy source, and they all have their own merit. Also, the energy sources that people use does have floss and can cause a negative impact on the environment, and humans. The most important goal is reducing the overall use of our energy sources. The main two kinds of energy used in my daily living are electricity, fossil fuel, which is a type of biomass. The main fuel people use is fossil fuels. This day in age, it is impossible to function without having a vehicle. 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Psychotherapy and Joseph Campbell free essay sample

The therapist needs to understand and accept and respect the client and be at the same time aware of alternative views and perceptions and their possible consequences. S/he is a temporary builder of conversations and stages for clients and their next ones so that they are better able to live, to breathe, to work, to talk and to enjoy each one and together, by overcoming the stressing modes that led them to suffering and considering therapy. S/he is flexible in creating and observes the effect of how s/he invites to create other perspectives. It is here that I find the work of Campbell most attractive. In his work â€Å" The hero with thousand faces†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. He actually weaves in parallels of the journey made, to the process of therapy, which itself is adventure. Like in therapy there is insight generation, and the client returns to day to day settings after therapy with the idea of applying the insights, the same corollary holds true in Campbell’s work. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychotherapy and Joseph Campbell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He bases his concepts on Freudian concepts but uses a lot of Jungian archetypes, he is a story teller taking from all major themes in world mythology. If therapy is an art then we could compare therapists with artists, who draw attention to stories of our life, symbolism and narrative. I quote him(What I think is that a good life is one hero journey after another. Over and over again, you are called to the realm of adventure, you are called to new horizons. Each time, there is the same problem: do I dare? And then if you do dare, the dangers are there, and the help also, and the ful? llment or the ? asco. Theres always the possibility of a ? asco. But theres also the possibility of bliss) Campbell works with the myths quite following the ideas of Otto Rank, an early disciple of Freud, who later parted ways and worked in the areas of existential, humanistic and transpersonal psychology. Quoting Otto Rank here[In the process of adaptation, man persistently separates from his old self, or at least from those segments off his old self that are now outlived. Like a child who has utgrown a toy, he discards the old parts of himself for which he has no further use †¦. The ego continually breaks away from its worn-out parts, which were of value in the past but have no value in the present. The neurotic [who cannot unlearn, and, therefore, lacks creativity] is unable to accomplish this normal detachment process †¦ Owing to fear and guilt generated in the assertion of his own autonomy, he is unable to free himself, and instead remains suspended upon some primitive level of his evolutio n. Unlearning necessarily involves separation from one’s self-concept, as it has been culturally conditioned to conform to familial, group, occupational or organizational allegiances. According to Rank , unlearning or breaking out of our shell from the inside is â€Å"a separation [that] is so hard, not only because it involves persons and ideas that one reveres, but because the victory is always, at bottom, and in some form, won over a part of one’s ego]†¦.. most important in therapy! Joseph Campbell addresses unlearning in his works, also drawing on Upanishads at times.

Poetry Research Paper Essays - Fiction, Style, Imagery, Literature

Poetry Research Paper Poetry can both broaden and intesify an experience9...0 it can also illuminate, clarify, and deepen an occurence in a way a reader never considered.9...0poetry communicates expereince by appealing to both the thoughts and feelings of its reader.Poetry demands total response from the individual-all the intellect, senses, emotion, and imaginaTION. (CL) All poetry, however, has an attitude, values the human condition, expresses a central idea (theme), and may use symbols or sound repetition to call attention to thematically important words. Imagery: Language that appeals to the senses. Poetry draws on many kinds of language magic. The imagery of a poem involves direct sensory images of sight, sound, touch, smell, or taste.(...) because most [people] are visual-minded, they respond readily to the picture-making quality of poetry.(CL) becSimile: A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a connective word such as, like, as, than, or resembles. ause the language of poetry is so compressed, every word must be made to convey the meaning of the poem.(CL) Personification: A kind English Essays